IMF predicts global economy to exceed $150 trillion by 2030

A report by Visual Capitalist based on forecasts from the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook showed countries’ projected nominal gross domestic product (GDP) in 2030.

The three largest national economies in 2030 are projected to be the same as in 2026. The United States leads at $37.7 trillion, followed by China at $26 trillion and Germany at a distant third with $6.2 trillion.

Combined, these three economies are projected to add more than $10 trillion in economic output between 2026 and 2030, led by China.

According to IMF data, Bangladesh will secure the 32nd spot in the list of world’s largest economies in 2030, outpacing Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand.

Bangladesh’s gross domestic product (GDP) will stand at $677 billion at that time if its current growth momentum continues.

IMF forecasts were not available for Afghanistan, Bolivia, Cuba, Eritrea, Lebanon, North Korea, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syria, and Venezuela.

The race for third place is remarkably close. Germany is projected at $6.178 trillion in 2030, compared with $6.173 trillion for India, a difference of just $5 billion.

India could soon overtake Germany in nominal GDP if current growth trajectories continue. The ranking looks very different when adjusting for purchasing power parity, where India’s economy is already roughly three times the size of Germany’s.

By 2030, Asia and the Middle East are projected to generate $55.7 trillion in economic output, accounting for more than a third of the global economy.

Japan will be the region’s next-largest economy after China and India, at $5 trillion, followed by South Korea ($2.3 trillion) and Indonesia ($2.1 trillion).

The long-stagnating Japanese economy has seen growth sputter in recent decades. Once the world’s second-largest economy, Japan was surpassed by China in 2010 and Germany in 2024.